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Although the cold chain logistics is now blooming everywhere, China's cold chain industry has made great progress, but after all, it has a late start and a weak foundation, and its development maturity is not far from the foreign cold chain transportation network.
For example, developed countries such as the United States and Japan have very mature, national cold-chain logistics networks, and head companies are relatively concentrated. These cold-chain logistics giants not only face the country, but also the global market.
At present, China's cold chain logistics enterprises facing the whole country are still rare. Data show that 90% of China's cold chain enterprises are regional or transportation-oriented, the industry development is very uneven, the industry concentration is low, and the overall situation is scattered and small.
It is for this reason that there is still a “broken-chain” problem in each link of China's cold-chain logistics, thus aggravating the “vicious cycle” of cold-chain logistics.
According to statistics, the total number of cold storage in China reached 130 million cubic meters in 2018, and the number of refrigerated trucks was 180,000, which seems to be considerable. However, in 2018, Japan and the United States had 15 times and 18 times the number of refrigerated vehicles, respectively, and the per capita possession of cold storage was 3 times and 4 times that of China, respectively.
It can be seen that China's cold chain infrastructure is currently incomplete and does not match the huge market demand of domestic cold chain logistics.
In addition, the contradiction in the uneven distribution of cold chain infrastructure across the country is also acute. There are relatively many coasts, and the cold chain resources in the central and western regions are scarce and their development is relatively lagging.
Especially the agricultural products of origin, the standardization of China's cold chain is still very low. In the production link, there are only a few of the agricultural product processing enterprises in the place of origin, which have professional and standardized facilities for pre-cooling, grading and packaging of fruits and vegetables after harvest. The value is low. The improper operation and poor traceability of the circulating products in the entire cold chain process have resulted in high waste and high damage rates of cold chain circulating products, as high as 20% -30%.
In the cold chain transportation link, the industry has not formed a standardization consciousness of "full cold chain" and often "broken the chain". Taking fruits and vegetables as an example, the proportion of chain breaks in the cold chain process is as high as 67%, and the loss is as high as 15% (the loss in the United States is about 5%). The loss value is more than 50 billion yuan, causing huge waste.
Although the cold chain is not “cold” at present, the threshold is high, and its high requirements and investment in pre-cooling technology, refrigerated trucks, and cold chain logistics supply chain management make it difficult for ordinary companies to parry, which has also become a market development. A big resistance.
In the face of these problems, why don't companies carrying cold chain transportation increase their facilities on the original basis? Data show that the current average net profit margin of the cold chain logistics industry is only about 3% -4%, and it is still shrinking. Some cold chain logistics companies are losing money at a loss, and some companies do not hesitate to give up their existing businesses to survive. With thin profits, companies are thinking more about survival issues, how to survive, and increase investment in infrastructure construction.
In summary, it is not easy for China's cold chain logistics industry to reach a level comparable to that of developed countries in a short period of time. Since it is difficult to match the scale, we may first focus on the quality of the cold chain and refine the entire process. With excellent cold chain quality to reduce costs and increase efficiency, the accumulation is thin, waiting to be broken.
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